Introduction: A Stochastic Approach to Discounted Cash Flow -- Basic Elements: Cash Flow, Tax, Expectation, Cost of Capital, Value -- Corporate Income Tax: WACC, FTE, TCF, APV -- Personal Income Tax -- Corporate and Personal Income Tax -- Proofs -- Sketch of Solutions.

This paper develops a liquidity measure tailored to the foreign exchange (FX) market, quanties the amount of commonality in liquidity across dierent exchange rates, and determines theextent of liquidity risk premiums embedded in FX returns. The new liquidity measure utilizesultra high frequency...

Using a comprehensive high-frequency foreign exchange dataset, we present evidence of time-of-day effects in foreign exchange returns through a significant tendency for currencies to depreciate during local trading hours. We confirm this pattern across a range of currencies and time zones. We...