international cooperation and a global carbon pricing regime. Carbon pricing must therefore be at the core of EU climate policy … trading scheme should be introduced for the transport and heating sector to prepare the sectors for integration into the EU …

concerns, the wide array of low-carbon technologies offers significant growth potential. Some EU countries have already been … able to develop a comparative advantage in wind turbines and electric vehicles, though the EU is less effective at …

for the EU. We argue that energy relations between the EU and Russia and between China and Russia influence each other. We … decade and their potential impact on Europe: 1. There is no direct competition between the EU and China for Russian oil and … gas; 2. China and the EU both have an interest in curbing excessive Russian energy rents; 3. The EU, Russia and China …

bright spot, because of strong mutual interests. However, EU-Turkey cooperation over energy requires a rethink. Up to now …, and on overall macroeconomic and geopolitical stability. On renewables and energy efficiency, the EU could support Turkey … represent a major barrier for these investments. On nuclear energy, the EU can make a sensible contribution to the establishment …