1. Introduction; Olga Rymkevich -- Part I. Setting the Framework -- 2. Performance Appraisal Criteria and Innovative Work Behaviour: The Mediating Role of Employees' Appraisal Satisfaction; Ylenia Curzi, Tommaso Fabbri and Barbara Pistoresi -- 3. Performance Appraisal and the Dynamics of Wages;...

We examine a new intervention to overcome gender biases in hiring, promotion, and job assignments: an “evaluation nudge,” in which people are evaluated jointly rather than separately regarding their future performance. Evaluators are more likely to focus on individual performance in joint...

We estimate the effect of education on lifetime income in Europe, by distinguishing between individuals who lived in rural or urban areas during childhood and between individuals who had access to many or few books at age ten. We instrument years of education using reforms of compulsory...