This paper evaluates direct and structural discrimination as a means of increasing efforts in the most widely studied … discrimination, namely, change of the contestants ́prize valuations as well as bias of the impact of their efforts. Optimal twofold … discrimination is often superior to any single mode of discrimination under any logit CSF. Our main result establishes that …

Detecting racial discrimination using observational data is challenging because of the presence of unobservables that … may be correlated with race. Using data made public in the SFFA v. Harvard case, we estimate discrimination in a setting …

Detecting racial discrimination using observational data is challenging because of the presence of unobservables that … may be correlated with race. Using data made public in the SFFA v. Harvard case, we estimate discrimination in a setting …

Detecting racial discrimination using observational data is challenging because of the presence of unobservables that … may be correlated with race. Using data made public in the SFFA v. Harvard case, we estimate discrimination in a setting …

Detecting racial discrimination using observational data is challenging because of the presence of unobservables that … may be correlated with race. Using data made public in the SFFA v. Harvard case, we estimate discrimination in a setting …