There has been wide interest in private supply of roads as a solution to traffic congestion. We study its efficiency under demand uncertainty: we solve for equilibrium and optimum as benchmarks, and evaluate the efficiency of possible regulatory policies for private road operators. We obtain...

We study the efficiency of private supply of roads under demand uncertainty and evaluate various regulatory policies. Due to demand uncertainty, capacity is decided before demand is known but tolls can be adjusted after demand is known. Policy implications can differ considerably from those...

We analyse congestion pricing in a road and rail network with heterogeneous users. On the road there is bottleneck congestion. In the train there is crowding congestion. We separately analyse proportional heterogeneity that varies the values of time and schedule delay scalarly in fixed...

We analyse congestion pricing in a road and rail network with heterogeneous users. On the road there is bottleneck congestion. In the train there is crowding congestion. We separately analyse "proportional heterogeneity" that varies the values of time and schedule delay scalarly in fixed...

Belt and Road projects in the Eurasian Heartland (Central Asia and the Caucasus, Russia, and Belarus) have predominately focused on the exploitation of the region's natural resources rather than on developing infrastructure, building industrial facilities, or partnering in innovations. However,...

The Philippines government’s Build Build Build (BBB) initiative that aims to improve infrastructure in the country creates multisector opportunities for foreign investors and enables synergies for mainland Chinese investors and financial institutions in light of the BRI.The political...

Mainland Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI) and construction projects in countries in the Association of Southeast Asia Nations (ASEAN) have increased by 85% and 33%, respectively, since the start of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), with growth concentrated in Indonesia, Malaysia, the...