We analyse congestion pricing in a road and rail network with heterogeneous users. On the road there is bottleneck congestion. In the train there is crowding congestion. We separately analyse proportional heterogeneity that varies the values of time and schedule delay scalarly in fixed...

Belt and Road projects in the Eurasian Heartland (Central Asia and the Caucasus, Russia, and Belarus) have predominately focused on the exploitation of the region's natural resources rather than on developing infrastructure, building industrial facilities, or partnering in innovations. However,...

The Philippines government’s Build Build Build (BBB) initiative that aims to improve infrastructure in the country creates multisector opportunities for foreign investors and enables synergies for mainland Chinese investors and financial institutions in light of the BRI.The political...

Mainland Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI) and construction projects in countries in the Association of Southeast Asia Nations (ASEAN) have increased by 85% and 33%, respectively, since the start of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), with growth concentrated in Indonesia, Malaysia, the...

Thailand is an appealing FDI destination for mainland Chinese investors operating in traditional andinnovative economic sectors, but they need to compete with other foreign investors. The Thai Government has sophisticated multilevel planning and developmental strategies to improve the domestic...

Vietnam is an appealing FDI destination but a very competitive environment for Chinese investors. They have to compete with other investors who are well-established and enjoy a good reputation among the Vietnamese. Geopolitical issues and historical considerations hinder the potential for FDI...