In this paper we seek to deepen understanding of out-migration as a social and economic process and to investigate … whether cross-sectional earnings assimilation results suffer from selection bias. To model the process of out-migration we … selectivity with respect to human capital, earnings, or gender. The likelihood of return migration is strongly determined by the …

include a standardized measure of immigrants' pre-migration wage based on occupation, industry, tenure, qualification, and the … partial. A 10% higher pre-migration wage translates into a 1.6% higher wage in Germany when also controlling for educational … market. We also find that wage assimilation is significantly accelerated for immigrants with a higher pre-migration wage. Our …

representative sample of entrants into unemployment in Germany. The data include a large number of migration variables, allowing us … paid by policy makers to various forms of social and cultural integration, as it has significant repercussions on matching …