Private regulation has become a highly debated phenomenon. Previous research has focused mostly on the effectiveness … regulation at the European level, where only questions of interest representation have attracted attention. Analyses of the … contribution of private regulation to the process of European legal integration, in particular, are lacking. We seek to fill this …

freedom of expression, have created different models of national private regulatory regimes across Europe. Media regulation is … production. Self-regulation reflects national approaches and varies according to legal and social regulatory cultures. Within the … private sphere, different forms of regulation have been implemented reflecting the changing balance between the profession …

The European regulatory space is changing. The role of private regulation is increasing more as a complement of public … regulation than as an alternative to it. The emergence of new regulatory models coordinating public and private regulators has … legitimacy and accountability of private regulators. The paper distinguishes five different models: public regulation, co-regulation …