This essay here has two goals. The first is to clarify, whenever possible, the sources of Long Waves (LWs) or Kondratieff Waves (K-waves). The second is to show that the wars can be one of principal sources of path-breaking technologies that support Long Waves for the technological, economic and...

innovation. In primis, the paper shows, through economic history, that democratization is an antecedent process (cause) to technological and economic change (effect). In particular, the primary finding is that democratization is a driving force for technological change: most free...

Political systems shape institutions and govern institutional change supporting economic performance, production and diffusion of technological innovation. This study shows, using global data of countries, that institutional change, based on a progressive democratization of countries, is a...

This study proposes the theory of technological parasitism that may be useful for bringing a new perspective to explain and generalize the evolution of technology directed to sustain competitive advantage of firms and nations. Technological parasitism explains the relationship of mutualistic...

The theorem of not independence of any technological innovation states that in the long run, the behavior and evolution of any technological innovation is not independent from the behavior and evolution of the other technological innovations. The philosophical foundations of this theory are...