concerns, the wide array of low-carbon technologies offers significant growth potential. Some EU countries have already been … able to develop a comparative advantage in wind turbines and electric vehicles, though the EU is less effective at …

for the EU. We argue that energy relations between the EU and Russia and between China and Russia influence each other. We … decade and their potential impact on Europe: 1. There is no direct competition between the EU and China for Russian oil and … gas; 2. China and the EU both have an interest in curbing excessive Russian energy rents; 3. The EU, Russia and China …

The EU is a relatively open economy and has benefited from the global multilateral system. We argue that the EU should … agreement is also essential. Third, the EU must be reformed to increase its external credibility. The Singapore ruling has …