the single most important correlate of the subsequent Leave vote in the 2016 European Union (EU) referendum, along with … specific welfare reforms as well as broader measures of political preferences. The results suggest that the EU referendum could …

expectations about future UK-EU relations. Studying its consequences provides new insights regarding the economic impacts of news …, there was little or no trade diversion away from the EU, implying that many of the anticipated long-run effects of Brexit … did not materialize before the new UK-EU trade relationship came into force in 2021. …

380 local authority areas in the United Kingdom. We find that exposure to the EU in terms of immigration and trade …