We analyze the way in which Latin American countries have adjusted to commodity terms of trade (CTOT) shocks in the …, effectively lowering its volatility. We also show that relatively small increases in the average holdings of reserves by Latin … alternative to fiscal or currency policies for relatively trade closed countries and economies with relatively poor institutions …

substantially REER volatility. -- Terms of trade ; the real exchange rate ; international reserves ; commodity price shocks …We analyze the way in which Latin American countries have adjusted to commodity terms of trade (CTOT) shocks in the …, effectively lowering its volatility. We also show that relatively small increases in the average holdings of reserves by Latin …

The paper explores the trade competitiveness of seven major shrimp exporting countries, namely Vietnam, China, Thailand …

This paper uses three models of a small open economy to analyze the effects of terms of trade and exchange rate changes … factors model is developed and used to investigate how an exogenous worsening of the intern.ationa1 terms of trade affect …

This paper uses three models of a small open economy to analyze the effects of terms of trade and exchange rate changes … factors model is developed and used to investigate how an exogenous worsening of the intern.ationa1 terms of trade affect …