This paper analyses empirically how increasingly close trade relations between China and Russia might a ect the … European Union (EU). We show that EU countries are complementary to Russia on the Chinese market. However, Chinese exports are … increasingly relevant substitutes for EU exports on the Russian market. is means that an increase in China-Russia economic …

This paper analyses empirically how increasingly close trade relations between China and Russia might affect the … European Union (EU). We show that EU countries are complementary to Russia on the Chinese market. However, Chinese exports are … increasingly relevant substitutes for EU exports on the Russian market. This means that an increase in China-Russia economic …

This paper reviews China's growing economic ties with Russia. We conclude that such ties have strengthened in terms of … trade and cross border lending, but less in terms of Chinese foreign direct investment in, or portfolio flows to, Russia …. Meanwhile, Europe remains Russia's largest trading partner, lender and investor. In relation to trade, China seems to have …