Do financial crises radicalize voters? We study Germany's banking crisis of 1931, when two major banks collapsed and voting for radical parties soared. We collect new data on bank branches and firm-bank connections of over 5,500 firms and show that incomes plummeted in cities affected by the...

Do financial crises radicalize voters? We analyze a canonical case – Germany during the Great Depression. After a severe banking crisis in 1931, caused by foreign shocks and political inaction, radical voting increased sharply in the following year. Democracy collapsed six months later. We...

The author reviews retrospectively his developing ideas on theory and policy since he first encountered Keynes's writings in 1950. Topics covered include: Keynes now, specifically the coming back into favour of his most fundamental ideas; intellectual biographies and shorter tributes to...