Central features of today’s electronic communications markets are complementarities between the different layers of the value chain, substitutability between some applications, network effects in the provision of content and services, two-sided business models that partly involve indirect...

Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Figures -- Tables -- Preface -- Frequently used symbols -- License agreement -- Warranty disclaimer -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Motivation -- 1.2 Contribution to existing literature -- 1.3 Approach -- 1.3.1 Game theory and industrial...

This paper discusses the influence of recent health care reform acts in Germany on choice, guidance and access from the perspective of patients, insured, insurers, and health care providers. Particular emphasis is put on health policy reforms since 2004, i.e. the Social Health Insurance...

Many countries with national health care providers and health insurances regulate the market for pharmaceuticals to steer drug demand and to control expenses. For example, they introduce reference pricing or tiered co-payments to enhance drug substitution and competition. Since 2006, Germany...