stabilization and eventual decline of the population, via fertility at below-replacement levels for an extended period of time …. According to the 2000 census, the total fertility rate (TFR) for China was 1.22—well below 2.1, the replacement level of … fertility. However, the country’s TFR fluctuated spatially with rates of .86, 1.08, and 1.43, for cities, towns, and rural …

John Bongaarts' proximate determinants model of fertility has accounted for over 90 percent of variation in the total … fertility rate (TFR) of primarily developing nations and historical populations. Recently, dramatically low fertility rates …. This study follows Knodel, Chamratrithirong, and Debavalya's 1987 analysis of fertility decline in Thailand by conducting …