the German parliament. However, natural gas has no climate benefit compared to coal. What is more, Europe risks to become … compete with Russian gas exports to Europe. While German and European policy makers debate about an appropriate reaction to …

transformation in Europe on its way to complete decarbonization. Mainstream conventional wisdom has it that natural gas, perhaps in … corresponding infrastructure is the next logical step of the transformation process in Europe. The lack of an economic perspective … phasing out of natural gas in Europe has already started, and will continue until its complete phase-out, most likely in the …

To achieve climate targets, efforts need to be made in Europe to improve energy efficiency and to expand renewable … energies. Conditions for investing in renewable energies in Europe must be improved, subsidies for fossil and nuclear energy …

A Green Deal for Europe can set standards for ambitious climate protection, for an investment programme in future … within and outside Europe. In order to meet the emission reduction targets of the Paris climate agreement and the EU deal …

institutional settings of decision-making processes in Germany and Europe, lessons from the German context are not directly … compares two alternative scenarios for a low-carbon transformation in Europe: one is the EU Reference Scenario, which is based …

Long-term scenarios of the low-carbon energy transformation in Europe are quite diverse. In this chapter, we provide a … already known technologies, even ambitions climate targets can be met in Europe, at moderate costs, as long as strict carbon …

Europe. However, DIW Berlin analyses show that the planned pipeline project Nord Stream 2 is not necessary to secure natural … gas supplies for Germany and Europe. The energy consumption forecasts on which the project is based, especially the EU … Reference Scenario, significantly overestimate natural gas demand in Germany and Europe. On the supply side, there will be no …

supply interruptions. However, Russia continues to export liquefied natural gas (LNG) to Europe and still has some countries … in Central and Eastern Europe under control in terms of energy policy, which has so far prevented EU sanctions on Russian …