poverty and downside risk. Using a unique panel data set of over 4000 rural households in both countries, we find that female … households are less vulnerable to poverty and not worse off in terms of vulnerability to perceived downside risk. …

households headed by men. We analyze the determinants of consumption, shock exposure and vulnerability to poverty. Using unique … and less vulnerable to poverty than households with a male head. In Vietnam de jure female-headed households are … consumption poorer and more vulnerable to poverty. In Thailand de jure female-headed households do not differ significantly from …