In data envelopment analysis (DEA) literature, the returns to scale (RTS) of an inefficient decision making unit (DMU) is determined at its projected point on the efficient frontier. Under the occurrences of multiple projection points, however, this evaluation procedure is not precise and may...

In data envelopment analysis (DEA), the concept of efficiency is examined in either Farrell (DEA) or Pareto senses. In either of these senses, the efficiency status of a decision making unit (DMU) is classified as either weak or strong. It is well established that the strong DEA efficiency is...

For measuring technical efficiency relative to a log-linear technology, a generalized multiplicative directional distance function (GMDDF) is developed using the framework of multiplicative directional distance function (MDDF). Furthermore, a computational procedure is suggested for its...