to climate neutrality play a central role in this, as the sector is responsible for 16 percent of the EU's CO2 emissions … Energy and Climate Plans and in the EU governance structure. …

might be considered to reform the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS). In this paper, we have decided to focus on three … for the carbon costs incurred on basic materials embodied in products. Finally, under the third model, the EU ETS would be … complemented with a climate contribution charged for materials sold in the European Union (EU) at the product benchmark level …

, both in the EU and beyond. Second, the paper presents an analysis of the provisions in WTO law that would apply to product …