recent developed panel cointegration techniques. In contrast to previous studies, the analysis accounts for the fact that … cointegration relationship can be established among the variables. The income elasticity is not different from unity, implying that … evidence is unchanged, if alternative estimators of the cointegration vector are used. Controlling for cross section dependency …

We propose a Lagrange Multiplier test of the null hypothesis of cointegration in fractionally cointegrated models. The …

We propose a Lagrange Multiplier (LM) test of the null hypothesis of cointegration in fractionally cointegrated models …