This paper studies how an increase in the number of armed groups operating within an area affects the amount of organized political violence. We use plausible exogenous variation in the number of armed groups in Pakistan, by exploiting the split of a major group due to the natural death of its...

This paper studies how an increase in the number of armed groups operating within an area affects the amount of organized political violence. We use plausible exogenous variation in the number of armed groups in Pakistan, by exploiting the split of a major group due to the natural death of its...

We study the effects of large, temporary income changes on consumption patterns, food insecurity, livelihood coping strategies, child well-being, and health among Syrian refugees in Lebanon. Using a regression discontinuity design, we show that an unconditional cash transfer program (USD 2,100)...