economic growth and initial conditions interact to influence how much growth reduced consumption poverty. The elasticities of … measured poverty to farm yields and development spending did not differ significantly across states. But the elasticities of … poverty to (urban and rural) non-farm output varied appreciably, and the differences were quantitatively important to the …

poverty are overestimates. The paper points to a number of reasons to question this claim. It is shown that, while the labor … the measurement assumptions. With only a modest allowance for leisure as a basic need, the effort-adjusted poverty rate in …