We revisit the pros and cons of cartel criminalization with focus on its possible introduction in the EU. We document a … sometimes all members of a cartel. We argue that, coupled with the non-disclosure of leniency statements and the insufficient … cartel convictions. Together with evidence on the current level of fines, this points at the need to introduce …

Leniency Programs. Damage actions may reduce the attractiveness of Leniency Programs for cartel participants if their … cooperation with the competition authority increases the chance that the cartel’s victims will bring a successful suit. A long … analysis shows such compromise is not required: limiting the cartel victims’ ability to recover their loss is not necessary to …