the costs and benefits of the patent system, the use of patents as innovation indicators, and the need for more research …The role patents play for innovation is not clear, but patenting activity has increased in the last decades. This … article reviews the empirical evidence on traditional and novel roles of patents to assess their impacts on innovation in …

. This trend has eclipsed the flexibilities provided in the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health … have deviated from the cautious approach provisioned under the TRIPS flexibilities that allows the courts to consider the … public interest aspect and human rights implications while granting injunctions in patent litigation. Moreover, it asserts …

In the context of the WTO, intellectual property rights (IPR) are codified in the TRIPS-agreement. While covering all … the different types of IPR, landmark cases of the still young history of TRIPS have dealt with commercial copyrights. This … paper summarizes the basic economics of the IPR branch commercial copyrights, reviews the TRIPS history and analyses two …

This article contributes to the literature on innovation and development by identifying the determinants of innovation … determinants of innovation to be different for industrialized and developing countries. This is supported by endogeneity tests …

distorts occupational choice. We study this possibility in the context of a model with horizontal innovation, where the …

innovation. Intellectual property rights protection allows the incumbent firms to capture part of the rents of commercial … exploration that would otherwise accrue to the entrepreneurs. Stronger patent protection will increase the incentive to do R&D and … generate new knowledge. This has a positive impact on entrepreneurship and innovation. However, after some point, further …

forward protection reduces the rate of innovation and imposing a nonobviousness requirement reduces R&D spending. It is shown … that full protection against imitation, granted independently of the size of the lead, maximizes the average innovation …

This paper investigates how patent applications and grants held by new ventures improve their ability to attract … British biotechnology companies we have identified all patents filed at the European Patent Office (EPO). Applying hazard rate … analysis, we find that in the presence of patent applications, VC financing occurs earlier. Our results also show that VCs pay …