the costs and benefits of the patent system, the use of patents as innovation indicators, and the need for more research …The role patents play for innovation is not clear, but patenting activity has increased in the last decades. This … article reviews the empirical evidence on traditional and novel roles of patents to assess their impacts on innovation in …

China, Japan, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand), comprising about one third of the world's population and economy … discusses the details of the intellectual property (IP) Chapter. Significantly, it does not contain substantive TRIPS …

. This trend has eclipsed the flexibilities provided in the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health … have deviated from the cautious approach provisioned under the TRIPS flexibilities that allows the courts to consider the … public interest aspect and human rights implications while granting injunctions in patent litigation. Moreover, it asserts …

In the context of the WTO, intellectual property rights (IPR) are codified in the TRIPS-agreement. While covering all … the different types of IPR, landmark cases of the still young history of TRIPS have dealt with commercial copyrights. This … paper summarizes the basic economics of the IPR branch commercial copyrights, reviews the TRIPS history and analyses two …

This article contributes to the literature on innovation and development by identifying the determinants of innovation … determinants of innovation to be different for industrialized and developing countries. This is supported by endogeneity tests …

look at the development that has taken place in other jurisdictions and adapt the patent law to local conditions when … developing tests or guidelines in a manner that is compatible with the World Trade Organization's Agreement on Trade …-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and its biotechnology/pharmaceutical policy guidelines. This approach that is …

distorts occupational choice. We study this possibility in the context of a model with horizontal innovation, where the …

innovation. Intellectual property rights protection allows the incumbent firms to capture part of the rents of commercial … exploration that would otherwise accrue to the entrepreneurs. Stronger patent protection will increase the incentive to do R&D and … generate new knowledge. This has a positive impact on entrepreneurship and innovation. However, after some point, further …

forward protection reduces the rate of innovation and imposing a nonobviousness requirement reduces R&D spending. It is shown … that full protection against imitation, granted independently of the size of the lead, maximizes the average innovation …

. Domestic innovation is measured as citation-weighted domestic patents filed at the European Patent Office (EPO): to account for … to patent at the EPO. Results show that, in the short-run, IPR stimulate innovation. The effect for developing countries …This paper analyses the causal impact of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) on pharmaceutical innovation in a panel of …