In May 2020, for the first time in its history, the Federal Constitutional Court (FCC) of Germany declared Union acts as being ultra vires. According to the FCC, the European Central Bank (ECB) and the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) had acted beyond their mandates because they did...

This study provides a comparative overview of how domestic service of judical and extra-judical documents is effected in all EU MSs. Areas covered span a broad range of questeions including: the identification of relevant actors (e.g.. initiator, executor and addressee of service), the analysis...