Until the start of the seventies the situation on the labour markets of the European industrial states was considered with relative optimism. The high growth rates which most of the countries had achieved seemed to be sufficient to absorb the increases in the available labour force. The author...

According to the latest census of April 1, 1971, India had a total population of about 547 million, of which 184 million were the potential labour force (i.e., all employed persons and all the unemployed, taken together). As the population growth is still accelerating, it is foreseen that the...