We use multivariate regime switching vector autoregressive models to characterize the time-varyinglinkages among the Irish stock market, one of the top world performers of the 1990s, and the US andUK stock markets. We ¯nd that two regimes, characterized as bear and bull states, are required...

Welfare gains to long-horizon investors may derive from time diversification that exploits non-zerointertemporal return correlations associated with predictable returns. Real estate may thus become moredesirable if its returns are negatively serially correlated. While it could be important for...

Regime switching models have been assuming a central role in financial applications because of their well-known ability to capture the presence of rich non-linear patterns in the joint distribution of asset returns. This paper examines how the presence of regimes in means, variances, and...