For several decades, the countries in Central and Eastern Europe pursued an energyintensive strategy of economic development based on distorted relative prices of energy. This typical feature of central planning created the illusion of a virtually unlimited supply of energy. The illusion came to...

In this paper a model based analysis of competition in the German wholesale electricity market is presented. Applying a multi-regional model which covers the interregional transmission constraints between Germany and its neighboring countries, potential for exercising market power by the four...

This report synthesises data from a range of sources to estimate the size of subsidies to the energy sector in the 15 pre-2004 Member States of the European Union. It finds that the level of subsidies to fossil fuels remains high despite their environmental impacts, while support for renewable...