Union in 2004. The countries have seen rapid economic growth, and the income gap with the EU countries in Western Europe has … global financial crisis was particularly severe. The cooperation of the Baltic states with the EU began in the early 1990s … increased economic support from the EU and further liberalisation of trade, capital flows and movements of labour. A key …

’s accession to the European Union. All five factors were critically important, but without accession to the EU, Poland's economic …

This chapter offers a framework to analyse the impact of EU membership on economic ("means"), institutional ("ways …") and social ("ends") convergence of EU11 countries to the frontier. It identifies the channels through which this impact … works: trade, investment, finance, migration and institutions. Using this framework, the analysis finds that EU membership …