finding that all types of banks in Russia increase their lending before presidential elections supports the view that the … authorities in an electoral autocracy like Russia can influence lending of both private and state-owned banks for political …

Dignity), the actions of the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU) had a positive impact on the models of Ukrainian banks: there was … lending due to an increase in their riskiness; (2) the use of central bank funds to liabilities management, which was evidence … from Russia) during the year; (3) an increase in the share of the non‑government debt securities portfolio in banks' assets …