migrating peasants, and, consequently, has a positive effect on narrowing the rural-urban income or consumption gap. Urban labor …

This paper explores the association between income and stated views on minimum living standards; that is, views on … representative survey, we find the rich are less empathetic. In our baseline model, people at the bottom of the income distribution … report 10% more items as essential than do people at the top of the income distribution. The negative relationship between …