Politicians and trade unions raise the issue of illegal employment in order to provoke support, voters feel negatively … touched by the presence of illegal employment, often also associated with illegal immigration. In addition there was a severe …-dumping on German construction sites. There exists a general impression that illegal alien employment poses a major threat for …

Starting from a Post-Keynesian model in which employment is determined by effective demand and the NAIRU is viewed as a … limit to employment, enforced by monetary policy reacting upon conflict inflation, the effects of central bank independence … and labour market institutions on macroeconomic performance are considered and the perspectives for employment and …