In this paper we have estimated the number of years for Turkey's per capita income to converge with those of Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece. The estimate is based upon convergence theory of per capita income of laggard countries to that of advanced countries if (1) there exists a gap between...

Analyses the emergence of dialogue and dissent in Soviet society due to its decade‐long war in Afghanistan (1979‐89); the longest war in Soviet history. Included in the analysis are defence military posture in view of the military brutality, transfer of Soviet military practices to the...