This paper examines the interaction effect between time (successive elections), district magnitude, and social heterogeinity on the effective number of electoral district parties. Using a new dataset of electoral results on district level in 18 countries, the well know interaction effect between...

This study examines the effects of contextual characteristics on exclusionary reactions. Extending explanations of anti-immigrant attitudes from group threat theory to the prediction of contextual variation in voting behaviour, we expect more voting for the anti-immigrant party Vlaams Blok with...