The existing theory of modularity explains how modular designs create value. We extend thistheory to address value appropriation. A product or process design that is modular with respect tointellectual property (IP) allows firms to better capture value in situations where knowledge andvalue...

This paper develops IV estimators for unconditional quantile treatment effects (QTE) when the treatment selection is endogenous. In contrast to conditional QTE, i.e. the effects conditional on a large number of covariates X, the unconditional QTE summarize the effects of a treatment for the...