Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are having a transformative impact on the financial industry, with significant implications for credit risk management. Accurate predictions in credit risk help mitigate potential financial losses due to defaults. This not only strengthens...

This paper examines the impact of banking digitalization in Spain, focusing on the consequences of branch closures and digital barriers for financial inclusion. Using panel data from the Survey on Equipment and Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Households (2017-2021), a logit...