important role in addressing poverty and vulnerability; however, the process by which the safety nets have been developed in … effectiveness are both necessary and possible. Poverty and extreme poverty in Swaziland are both overwhelmingly rural phenomena. The … incidence of poverty is 73 percent in rural areas but only 31 percent in urban areas. Eighty-eight percent of the poor and 95 …

This study assesses the redistributive effects of fiscal policy in Mali and Niger. Fiscal policy is poverty increasing … three deciles, respectively). Although existing direct fiscal transfers have poverty-reducing effects, they are too small …

's Democratic Republic, with the Gini coefficient rising from 0.311 to 0.364, even though absolute poverty incidence has halved. The … increase in inequality was statistically significant and reduced the average rate of poverty reduction per year by about 28 …