This paper provides evidence on the random walk hypothesis in G7 stock price indices using unit root tests which allow for one and two structural breaks in the trend. Of the seven countries we find, at best, evidence of mean reversion in the stock price index of Japan. Thus, overall, our results...

This study investigates asymmetric mean reversion in the real returns of large- and small-cap US stocks for one- to ten-year periods. The return distributions are estimated with 1,000 random block bootstraps of 240-month returns from 1926-2017. Large-cap stock returns show significant asymmetric...

This paper investigates the relationships of the Bloomberg Gender Equality Index and the MSCI World Index in global financial markets. The main objective is to analyze the degree of integration of each index from a fractional perspective for the years 2014-2021. The methodology involves...