establish an adequate and farsighted policy framework in the areas of pensions, health insurance, and labor market policies. …

The present paper reviews key issues in pension design and pension reform encountered all across the world. The paper … heavily refers to the recent U.S. Social Security reform debate in general and to the Personal Retirement Accounts proposal in … retirement. …

), particularly for the low-income and older individuals. Using simulations of tax and social benefits and public pensions, the paper … shows how the current tax, welfare, and pension systems create disincentives to work among these groups. The paper finds … that incentives to retire early are strong for men, especially low-wage earners. The marginal effective tax rates also make …

The rapid aging of China's population over the next few decades makes it important for a new pension system with broad … and adequate coverage to be put in place quickly. Pension reforms, first initiated in 1997, have become bogged down in … difficulties over dealing with the "legacy costs" associated with the relatively more generous benefits provided under the old …

Putting the pension system on a sustainable footing arguably remains the biggest challenge in Russia's economic …

The Chinese pension system is highly fragmented and decentralized, with governance standards, pension fund management … practices, their regulation and supervision varying considerably both across the funded components of the Chinese pension system … identifies remaining weaknesses, in regard to information disclosure, the governance framework and pension fund management …

This paper reviews macroeconomic aspects of pension reforms in Latin America, focusing on financial market stability … and fiscal sustainability. Concentration of pension fund portfolios in government bonds remains high, and the lack of new …

This paper discusses the key sources of vulnerabilities for pension plans and insurance companies in light of the … towards retirement from excessive market volatility; 4) the need to strengthen group supervision for large complex financial … institutions including insurance and pensions; and 5) the need to revisit the resolution and crisis management framework for …