The chapter tackles the key remedies in merger operation at European and Italian level. On the basis of the 2008 Notice on remedies, the writers analyses the pros and cons of each remedy on the basis of the recurrent praxis of the European Commission and of the Italian competition authority,...

This volume contains the proceedings of a discussion forum relating issues of competitiveness in a globalised world to European competition policies. It includes a view from Joseph E. Stiglitz on competition in the New Economy, an EU view on new developments of Community policies, and a national...

We analyze a model where an antitrust authority delegates to an audit inspector the mission of gathering the sufficient information to condemn a cartel. The authority has two instruments at her disposal: rewarding the inspector with a proportion of the collected fine or providing him with...

Advertising and its effects have been debated for well over a century. In the last few decades a generally sceptical view of the benefits of advertising has been overturned by a series of academic advances in economics that detail a variety of ways in which advertising may affect the economy and...

This paper provides the first empirical evidence of a positive impact of the quality and number of potential entrants on entry requirements in professional markets. The estimated effects are so large that increases in the quality of candidates are completely offset by increases in exam...

Entry into licensed professions requires meeting competency requirements, typ- ically assessed through licensing examinations. This paper explores whether the number of individuals attempting to enter a profession (potential supply) affects the difficulty of the entry examination. The empirical...

According to public interest theory, professional licensing solves the lemon problem generated by asymmetric information. In contrast, capture theory claims that licensing aims at increasing professional salaries by restricting supply. This paper shows that the two theories can be identified...

We consider compulsory licensing of intellectual property as a remedy for anticompetitive practices. We identify aspects of intellectual property that could warrant a different remedy from those developed for access to physical essential facilities. Based on the analysis, we present a...

Entry into licensed professions requires meeting competency requirements, typically assessed through licensing examinations. In the market for lawyers, there are large differences in the difficulty of the entry examination both across states and over time. The paper explores whether the number...

Sham litigation is a practice whereby a competitor misuses the adjudicatory system for the purpose of preventing or delaying the entry of competing products in the market. As a consequence, consumers cannot benefit from a decrease of prices that would otherwise take place. The effects of this...