Using multicointegration methodology, we develop criteria for testing sustainability of fiscal budgeting processes across all states of nature. Criteria are derived from the optimal control literature where levels and rates of change of a system of variables are determinants of policy response....

This paper presents an inference approach for dependent data in time series, spatial, and panel data applications. The method involves constructing and Wald statistics using a cluster covariance matrix estimator (CCE). We use an approximation that takes the number of clusters/groups as fixed and...

We show that in parametric likelihood models the first order bias in the posterior mode and the posterior mean can be removed using objective Bayesian priors. These bias-reducing priors are defined as the solution to a set of differential equations which may not be available in closed form. We...

In this paper, we consider estimation of nonlinear panel data models that include individual specific fixed effects. Estimation of these models is complicated by the incidental parameters problem; that is, noise in the estimation of the fixed effects when the time dimension is short generally...

We consider estimation of nonlinear panel data models with common and individual specific parameters. Fixed effects estimators are known to suffer from the incidental parameters problem, which can lead to large biases in estimates of common parameters. Pooled estimators, which ignore...