financial transparency created by the cumulative effects of poor implementation of standards on customer identification; and the …

of regulators to effectively enforce compliance with existing rules and regulation. In many countries, a combination of …'s capacity to effectively execute regulation. This weakness is more acute in areas of increased technical complexity such as … standards for and supervision of the valuation of assets and risk management practices. …

The paper analyzes the quality of financial sector regulation and supervision around the globe. Unlike studies that … collect and analyze data on regulation and supervision "on the books," this study also analyzes available information on … supervisory implementation, making use of data from IMF-World Bank assessments of compliance with international standards and …

Over the past two decades, there has been a clear trend toward integrating the regulation and supervision of banks … international standards to assess the validity of some of these arguments. We find that (i) full integration is associated with …

Weaknesses in the enforcement of regulation have been targeted by the G-20 as a priority concern for reform. But … again highlighted the importance of effective enforcement of securities regulation, as well as the challenges that …