The paper analyzes why Germany experiences the high and sticky unemployment. It looks at wage policy and proposes a new … approach to measure productivity growth when unemployment increases. It studies the position of trade unions and the …

prices, are affected by overall MSA unemployment, the distribution of unemployment among different groups, and national … prices and wages. MSA unemployment has strong effects on MSA wages and prices, but the distribution of unemployment among … different groups has weak effects on wages and prices. Using these estimates, simulations show that targeting high-unemployment …

higher flexibility at the onset of the crisis contributed to a reduction in the unemployment rates after the crisis, while a …

productivity. The welfare state's tax-based social transfers and even unemployment benefits have not clearly harmed employment or …