This study describes the development of bio economic models examining the economic and water quality impact of various proposed policy options in the Upper Waikato catchment. In the first phase nitrogen emissions are determined for representative farming systems using the Overseer nutrient...

Travelling stock reserves (TSRs) were established in Australia as a way of allowing the passage of livestock through settled lands to facilitate stocking of new lands. Subsequently, they remained important as a way of moving livestock from property to property or from property to market. Today,...

We propose a new method for measuring how far away banks are from complying with a multi-ratio regulatory framework. We suggest measuring the efforts a bank has to make to reach compliance as an additional portfolio which is derived from a microeconomic banking model. This compliance portfolio...

A new basis for an international poverty measurement is proposed based on linear programming for specifying the least cost diet and explicit budgeting for non-food spending. This approach is superior to the World Bank’s '$-a-day' line because it is (1) clearly related to survival and well...