In retailing supply-side stock outs (empty inventories) and demand-side stock outs (empty shelves) have to be discerned, because both can occur independently from each other. They entail different kinds of damages and call for different kinds of countermeasures. The aim of this paper ist to...

This paper shows how information about payments contained in normal market based data can be used by retailers. A possible strukture of hypotheses explaining consumers' payment behavior is described and a sample hypothesis is created and tested with actual market basket data. Knowledge of this...

The authors of this paper examine the relationship between brand loyalty, store loyalty and performance. Although both academics and practicioners are very much interested in an analysis of the interrelations, these constructs have not yet been examined in a closed causal model. The findings of...

Since its introduction the Internet began a rapid advance into all areas oflife and changed the working world as well as daily life. The Internetprovides a vast amount of information for almost every topic. Since the endof the 20th century, so called search engines established oneself to...

For several years now, a proliferation of private labels has been evident inEuropean food retailing. A ‘hotbed‘ for the proliferation of private labelshas been created recently by the per se ban on vertical price fixing (Article81 EC), regulating the European market by law. The prohibition...

A method to generate hypotheses on consumer payment behavior from market basket data is presented with which retailers can predict future cash requirements. This could help retailers to minimize the costs of cash management through rationalization and may also encourage the introduction of new...

Either empty inventories or empty shelves can cause stock-outs in retailing. Both can occur independently from each other, entail different kinds of damages and thus call for different counter measures. As such a counter measure, this paper presents a method to detect empty shelves through...

Economic and historic literature is divided on the impact of the war reparations France had to pay to Germany after 1871. In view of the crisis that hit the German economy and stock markets just a few years later some claim that the reparations were a "poisoned" gift that Germany should not have...