The phrase \add them up and divide by two (Tashite Ni De Waru, in Japanese)" is an established maxim in Japanese society, and has its historical roots in Japanese culture. This means adopting a middle course between two competing proposals in order to avoid a conflict. In the spirit of Max Weber...

Purpose: The purpose of this study is twofold. First, this research estimates banks' efficiencies from the perspectives of resource utilization and investment after incorporating risk measures as an exogenous input in the investment-efficiency stage. Second, the current study examines the...