Standard economics models require that financial incentives improve performance, while leading theories in psychology … differences in performance measurement, task definition, reward size and framing, motivation beyond money, subject pool, and …

Economists and management scholars have argued that the scope of incentives to increase cooperation in organizations is … prevailing cooperation levels among employees before they can set incentives to promote cooperation. In addition, employees …-liefs about the cooperativeness of others. Incentives hence have strong positive effects on cooperative beliefs, irrespective of …

Tournaments are often used to improve performance in innovation contexts. Tournaments provide monetary incentives but … salience of team identity, social image concerns, and whether teams face monetary incentives. Increased salience of team … identity does not improve performance. Social image motivates the top performers. Additional monetary incentives improve all …