New industry finance has the following five characteristics. First, information asymmetry problem appears relatively stronger in the new industry finance compared to the normal industry finance. Asymmetry of information between trading partners means that the amount of information is on...

We exploit employment data from 10,528 parishes across nineteenth century England and Wales and find that a one standard deviation increase in finance employment increases the annualized growth rate of secondary labour by 0.8 percentage points. An endogenous growth model with finance and...